Cervical Cancer Screening
Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. It primarily affects the cervix which is the the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The main cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection.
Cervical cancer screening is a proactive measure to identify abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix early on, even before they develop into cancer. Regular screening ensures your continued good health by allowing Dr Shammas to intervene and provide appropriate treatment before the cancer progresses and becomes more challenging to manage.
There are two main methods of cervical cancer screening:
- 1. Pap Smear (Pap Test): The Pap smear is the traditional and most widely used screening method for cervical cancer. During this procedure, Dr Shammas collects a sample of cells from the cervix using a small brush or spatula. The collected cells are then examined under a microscope to identify any abnormalities. The Pap smear can detect changes in the cervical cells caused by HPV infection or other factors that may indicate pre-cancerous conditions.
- 2. HPV DNA Test: The HPV DNA test is a newer screening method that directly detects the presence of high-risk HPV types in cervical cells. A cervical screening test includes a HPV DNA test, if the test is positive then a LBC (liquid based cytology) pap test is consider. This test is particularly helpful for identifyDr Shammas to identify women at higher risk for developing cervical cancer due to persistent HPV infection.
Screening Guidelines
The screening guidelines for cervical cancer may vary slightly from country to country or between medical organizations. However, common recommendations include the following:
- Regular Screening: in Australia screening starts from 24 and nine months to 74 years of age with a screening done every 5 years.
- Co-testing: For women aged 30 and above, co-testing with both Pap smear and HPV DNA test is often advised. If both tests are normal, screening is typically repeated every five years.
- HPV Vaccination: Routine HPV vaccination is a crucial preventive measure for cervical cancer. Vaccination is typically recommended for preadolescent girls, ideally between the ages of 11 and 12, before they become sexually active. Catch-up vaccination may be offered to females up to age 26.
- Cessation: Cervical cancer screening is generally recommended to stop for women who have undergone a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) for non-cancerous reasons.
Importance of Regular Screening
Regular cervical cancer screening is vital for the early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions or early-stage cancer. When abnormal cells are detected early, Dr Shammas can intervene promptly, often preventing the development of invasive cancer. Early treatment options are generally less invasive, have a higher success rate, and result in better overall outcomes.
In conclusion, cervical cancer screening is a critical component of gynaecological care and women’s health. Regular screening with Pap smear, HPV DNA test, or both helps in the early identification of abnormal cervical changes, allowing timely interventions and reducing the burden of cervical cancer. Dr Shammas will encourage you to ask questions regarding your screening options recommend you adhere to the recommended screening guidelines to safeguard your reproductive health and well-being.
